Development and validation of a novel ankle joint musculoskeletal model.

An improved understanding of contact mechanics in the ankle joint is paramount for implant design and ankle disorder treatment. However, existing models generally simplify the ankle joint as a revolute joint that cannot predict contact characteristics. The current study aimed to develop a novel musculoskeletal ankle joint model that can predict contact in the ankle joint, together with muscle and joint reaction forces. We modelled the ankle joint as a multi-axial joint and simulated contact mechanics between the tibia, fibula and talus bones in OpenSim. The developed model was validated with results from experimental studies through passive stiffness and contact. Through this, we found a similar ankle moment-rotation relationship and contact pattern between our study and experimental studies. Next, the musculoskeletal ankle joint model was incorporated into a lower body model to simulate gait. The ankle joint contact characteristics, kinematics, and muscle forces were predicted and compared to the literature. Our results revealed a comparable peak contact force and the same muscle activation patterns in four major muscles. Good agreement was also found in ankle dorsi/plantar-flexion and inversion/eversion. Thus, the developed model was able to accurately model the ankle joint and can be used to predict contact characteristics in gait.

Clinical Use of Talar Prostheses.

¼: The blood supply to the talus is vulnerable to damage, making the talus susceptible to osteonecrosis, with limited treatment options. ¼: Talar bone replacement has been investigated as a treatment option to preserve ankle function and maintain limb length. ¼: Successful talar bone replacements have been performed for the past >35 years, with variations in design, methods of fixation, materials, and manufacturing techniques. ¼: The designs of talar prostheses range from custom-made partial (talar body) or total prostheses to prefabricated universal (non-custom-made) prostheses. ¼: Total talar prostheses have been demonstrated to function better than partial talar prostheses; however, there is a need for long-term studies regarding custom-made total talar prostheses and prefabricated universal talar prostheses in order to determine their long-term effectiveness.